Handlers in ASP.NET

Handler is an agent of communication or a medium which is responsible for communication in the absence of the actual user. Technically, a Handler is a class which is responsible for Instantiation of a class i.e; allocation of memory.

Console applications or Windows applications do not have handlers. We declare a class and create an object of that class in the Main() method. We as a developer are solely responsible for handling the class – specifically - instantiation of the class.

However, Web applications have handlers. In GUI Web Applications we never create an object of the “_default” page which inherits the Page class.

In Web Services, the Web Service class is never instantiated.

In WCF, the Service class, which inherits the IService Interface is never instantiated.

Now comes the question – Who instantiates the above mentioned classes?

Behind the scene, the Handler is responsible for instantiation of the above mentioned classes. ASP.NET maps HTTP requests to HTTP handlers based on the extension of the requested file (type of file). Each HTTP handler can process individual HTTP URLs or groups of URL extensions in an application. ASP.NET includes several built-in HTTP handlers:

a)    ASP.NET – System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory

b)    Web Service – System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebServiceHandlerFactory

c)    WCF – System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHttpHandlerFactory

There are different drivers for different protocols. The driver or API of the protocol (ex – http.sys) has to have the ability to differentiate and resolve requests.

 

.sys files are the drivers for protocols. http.sys file is a driver or API or listener for the HTTP protocol. You can say that HTTP is abstraction, while http.sys is encapsulation. http.sys file handles the request and response in HTTP. The http.sys file is located in C:\Windows\System32\drivers\ folder.

When a request arrives on the server, the drivers for the protocols (.sys files) handles that request and forwards that request to a particular handler according to the extensions.